The latest research in migraine genetics.
Recent research into the genetics of migraines has yielded significant insights into both common and rare genetic variants that contribute to the disease. Migraine is now understood as a highly heritable neurological disorder, with various subtypes influenced by distinct genetic factors. Key findings from 2024 include discoveries related to both monogenic and polygenic migraines.
One of the most prominent studies focused on gene variants specific to migraine subtypes, such as those with and without aura. Notably, 13 new genetic variants were identified in people with migraine without aura, further supporting the idea that different genetic pathways underlie these two subtypes. Several of these variants, including those in genes like SCN11A and KCNK5, were found to protect against overall migraine as well as other vascular conditions like brain aneurysms. This provides support for the vascular hypothesis of migraine pathogenesis, suggesting that these conditions might share common underlying mechanisms.
Advanced methods, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and pathway analyses, have identified additional genetic contributors, including PRRT2 (linked to migraine with aura) and HMGCR (implicated in both blood and brain tissue). These findings have pointed researchers toward new therapeutic targets. Drugs that are in development or already being tested for other diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, could be repurposed for migraine treatment based on their action on these migraine-related genes.
Further, the role of AI and machine learning in analyzing large genetic datasets is becoming increasingly important. These technologies may help identify complex genetic patterns, providing a deeper understanding of how multiple genes interact to cause migraines, and facilitating the development of personalized treatments.
Looking forward, researchers emphasize the need for larger genetic studies across diverse populations to uncover more rare genetic variants and explore epigenetic changes that could further explain migraine risk(
